An Ecological Assessment of Property and Violent Crime Rates Across a Latino Urban Landscape: The Role of Social Disorganization and Institutional Anomie Theory

The present research put forth an integrated theoretical framework aimed at providing a more holistic community- level approach explaining crime across a heavily populated Latino city. Guided by social disorganization and institutional anomie theory, this study used several data sources and OLS regression techniques to examine the impact of social disorganization, economic and noneconomic institutional characteristics on rates of property and violent crime across 1,016 census block groups in San Antonio, Texas. While several findings emerged, interactions between alcohol density and concentrated disadvantage were significant and positively associated with property and violent crime. Interactions between welfare generosity and concentrated disadvantage were significant and negatively associated with the outcomes

The Impact of Interior Immigration Enforcement on Mixed-Citizenship Families

In this article we trace the expansion of interior immigration enforcement measures since the 1990s, focusing on the period after the creation of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in 2003. We consider the rationale for the escalation of enforcement during this period, as well as the expansion of enforcement to include local and state law enforcement agencies. Detailing in particular the role of local jails, private corrections corporations, and the communities that are financially dependent on the prison industry, the article also examines who benefits economically and politically from these changes. Throughout, we consider how the expansion of immigration enforcement has affected U.S. citizen children and spouses of unauthorized immigrants. We question whether U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) is fulfilling its mandate to de-emphasize enforcement against parents, guardians, and children given that the number of detentions and removals in these categories continues to increase. We discuss how this is imposing unnecessary costs and burdens on ICE’s citizen stakeholders while benefiting private corrections corporations

Collapse of Non-Axisymmetric Cavities

A round disk with a harmonic disturbance impacts on a water surface and creates a non-axisymmetric cavity which collapses under the influence of hydrostatic pressure. We use disks deformed with mode m=2 to m=6. For all mode numbers we find clear evidence for a phase inversion of the cavity wall during the collapse. We present a fluid dynamics video showing high speed imaging of different modes, pointing out the characteristic features during collapse

Community Investment in the Digital Divide Pays Dividends for Years to Come

As the COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented trials experienced by almost every population in the way of public health, food systems, businesses and families, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have helped to mitigate many challenges. The hope of the many academic research efforts taken during this time will help those in civic authority understand these impacts as civic leaders make decisions about the areas of society and the community that need emergency funds and how to allocate future expenditures to best serve the populations within the community. At-risk populations that have limited or no access to the Internet / ICT or who lack the skills to effectively use it can fall into a state of social isolation which prior research has shown can have costly health implications such as an increase in cardiac disease, diabetes and liver disease which is due to lack of exercise and depression brought on by the isolation. An investment in ICT now will strengthen communities and families. This research in progress paper investigates the barriers to getting ICT to at-risk populations and the present and future costs to society for failing to do so. Finally, several implications will be extracted, particularly those that will become part of a Strategic Framework that can be implemented in every city across the United States to pinpoint at-risk populations and define the best remedies per demographic to bridge the digital divide so that every population is connected to their caregiver network and the latest health information

Gender- and age-related differences in clinical presentation and management of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease

<br>Introduction: Contemporary generalizable data on the demographics and management of outpatients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) in routine clinical practice are sparse. Using the data from the CLARIFY registry we describe gender- and age-related differences in baseline characteristics and management of these patients across broad geographic regions.</br> <br>Methods: This international, prospective, observational, longitudinal registry enrolled stable CAD outpatients from 45 countries in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, the Middle East, and North, Central, and South America.</br> <br>Results: Baseline data were available for 33 280 patients. Mean (SD) age was 64 (10.5) years and 22.5% of patients were female. The prevalence of CAD risk factors was generally higher in women than in men. Women were older (66.6 vs 63.4 years), more frequently diagnosed with diabetes (33% vs 28%), hypertension (79% vs 69%), and higher resting heart rate (69 vs 67 bpm), and were less physically active. Smoking and a history of myocardial infarction were more common in men. Women were more likely to have angina (28% vs 20%), but less likely to have undergone revascularization procedures. CAD was more likely to be asymptomatic in older patients perhaps because of reduced levels of physical activity. Prescription of evidence-based medication for secondary prevention varied with age, with patients ≥ 75 years treated less often with beta blockers, aspirin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors than patients < 65 years.</br> <br>Conclusions: Important gender-related differences in clinical characteristics and management continue to exist in all age groups of outpatients with stable CAD.</br&gt

BEHAVIOR OF ANDEAN PUMA PUMA CONCOLOR (LINNAEUS, 1771) IN CAPTIVITY UNDER AN ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME IN THE ZOO «TARACCASA» (APURÍMAC, PERU)

Se aplicó un programa de enriquecimiento ambiental a pumas (Pumas concolor) del Parque Zoológico Taraccasa en Abancay (Apurímac, Perú) con el objetivo de monitorear cambios de conducta. Se observaron cuatro pumas (tres hembras, un macho) de 3 a 9 años de edad. Se utilizaron cuatro tipos de enriquecimiento ambiental: físico (taburetes de madera, troncos), alimenticio (carne de equino, alimento balanceado de gatos), sensorial (costales con esencias aromáticas y especias, orines de zorros y venados), y social (pelotas con piel de equino). El estudio consideró la etapa previa al enriquecimiento ambiental (24 días) y la etapa durante el enriquecimiento ambiental (24 días). Se registraron las conductas entre 09:00 a 12:00 y entre 16:00 a 18:00 con cámara de video. Las conductas individuales con incremento significativo fueron el cuidado corporal, locomoción, observación, exploración, búsqueda (p<0.001) y disminución de un comportamiento anormal como el pacing (p<0.001), mientras que en las conductas grupales se incrementaron la aproximación y el marcaje (p<0.001) y disminuyó la persecución (p<0.001). Se concluye que el programa de enriquecimiento ambiental aplicado a los pumas tuvo un efecto positivo, al aumentar los comportamientos de actividad y sociales normales y disminuir la estereotipia.Por pare

Remission of obesity and insulin resistance is not sufficient to restore mitochondrial homeostasis in visceral adipose tissue

Metabolic plasticity is the ability of a biological system to adapt its metabolic phenotype to different environmental stressors. We used a whole-body and tissue-specific phenotypic, functional, proteomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic approach to systematically assess metabolic plasticity in diet-induced obese mice after a combined nutritional and exercise intervention. Although most obesity and overnutrition-related pathological features were successfully reverted, we observed a high degree of metabolic dysfunction in visceral white adipose tissue, characterized by abnormal mitochondrial morphology and functionality. Despite two sequential therapeutic interventions and an apparent global healthy phenotype, obesity triggered a cascade of events in visceral adipose tissue progressing from mitochondrial metabolic and proteostatic alterations to widespread cellular stress, which compromises its biosynthetic and recycling capacity. In humans, weight loss after bariatric surgery showed a transcriptional signature in visceral adipose tissue similar to our mouse model of obesity reversion. Overall, our data indicate that obesity prompts a lasting metabolic fingerprint that leads to a progressive breakdown of metabolic plasticity in visceral adipose tissue

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery